Method of roll-forging metal.



D. MAXWELL. METHOD OF ROLL FORGING METAL.

APPLICATION FILED JAILZI. 1909.

Patented Feb. 14,1911.

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UNITE il DAVID MAXWELL, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

METHOD OF ROLL-FORGING METAL.

assess.

Specification of Letters Patent.

ate11ted Feb. 141-, 19.1.1.

Application filed January 21, 1909. Serial No. 473,511.

To all whom it may concern:

ie it known that I, 1)AV.ID l\"li\X\Vl ZLL, ()lf Detroit, Wayne county,Michigan, have mvented a new and useful Method of Roll- Forging Metal,of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description,reference being had to the accompanying draw ngs, forming part of thisspecification, in which-- Figure l is a plan View of a port on of oneform of roll for carrying out my invention; Fig. 2 is a section on theline ill-ll. of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one form of barrolled in accordance with my invention; Fig. 4tis an end iewillustrating the invention as applied to the rolling of T-rails: Fig. 5is an end view of the bar shown in Fig. 3, and Fig. l) is a sectionalview showing a modified method of rolling a T-rail.

My invention has relation to rolling or roll-forging metal, and isdesigned to provide a novel method of rolling or roll-forging wherebythe elastic limit of the metal is greatly increased.

In accordance with my invention, the blank being rolled is subjected toa rapid succession of displacing actions alternately exerted in oppositedirections, and each tending to rotate a relatively short section of theblank about a longitmlinal axis there of, the effect of this being to sochange the position and relation of the fibers of the metal as togreatly increase its toughness and elastic limit. The action is, ineffect, a kneading one, which effects a more thorough amalgamation ofthe metal.

My invention is applicable to rolling various objects, such asreinforcing bars for concrete construction, rails and bars of variouscharacters where high tensile strength is desirable with a minimumamount of metal, since it enables the area of the bar or rail to bematerially reduced for a given tensile strength.

My improved method may he applied in the rolling operation, either inthe finishing pass or passes, or in one or more of the intermediatepasses, according to the nature of the bar being rolled.

My invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanyingdrawings, which will now be described. and in which I have shown asuitable roll for carrying out the method in connection with the rollingof reinforcing bars for concrete construction. Fig. 3 shows inperspective a section of such a bar. This bar is of angularcross-section. and has each of its faces formed with two series oftransversely extending wedge-shaped deformations i-l and l. Thedeformations 23 and l alternate with each other upon each face of thebar, their outer faces being inclined planes, approximately one-half ofeach deformation being above the normal plane of the face of the bar,while the other half of each deforma tion is below the normal plane ofthe face of the bar, each deforimition bounded by the inclined surfacesor fillets By reference to the end view of the bar shown in Fig. 5, itwill be seen that the def ormations described are, in fact formed by arotary displacement in opposite directions of adjacent relatively short;sections of the bar, the metal constituting each of such displacementshaving been actually rotated about the longitudinal axis of the barthrough an angle less than ninety degrees, this rotary displacementconstituting the novel feature of my in'lproved method of rolling. Thisbar is rolled by a pair of rolls, a portion of one of which is shown inFig. 1, two similar rolls being provided to form the complete pass. Byreference to this figure it will be seen that the pass is in general ofV-form, having each of its inclined side walls formed with a series ofalternating wedge-shaped projections (S and depressions 7, eachprojection 6 on one face being opposite a corres iionding depression 7of the other face of the pass, and the-two faces being separated fromeach other at the bottom by an irregular space 8, which corresponds tothe irregular longitudinal rib 9 at each corner of the completed bar. Asthe bar is forced through this pass, it will be seen that each of theprojections (3 exerts a rotary displacing action upon a correspondingsection of metal, forcing this laterally into one of the recesses 7 onthe opposite wall of the pass, the combined effect of the projectionsand recesses on all four of the walls of the pass being to effect therotation in opposite directions of adjacent short. sections of metal inthe manner most clearly seen in Fig. Where the invention is applied tothe bar being rolled in the finishing pass, the high speed employedcauses the. method to have practically the same effect upon the metal asa hammer forging, the bar being struck into form by the rapid successiveapplications of the pressure of the corrugating projections of therolls. In rolling the bar shown in Fig. 3, this deforming passpreferably constitutes the finishing pass, and in connection with thedisplacing action described there also prefers. ly takes place areduction in the area of the bar or blank.

Fig. 4t illustrates the application 01 my invention to the rolling of t-rails. In this case, the displacing operation preferably takes place inone of the intermediate passes, which is so shaped as to effectalternate displacement of relatively short sections of the blank, asindicated at 10 and 11 in this figure, these opposite displacementsalternating with each other throughout the length of the blank. in thesubsequent passes, the blank is brought back to true section, but thisdoes not destroy the effect upon the fibers or the metal produced by thedisplace ments at the intermediate pass.

Fig. 6 shows a modified method of producing the same effect in rolling aT-rail or E- beam section in which the ditterent portions of the sectionof the blank are rotated or dis placed by the action oi? the projectionson the rolls about the three ditl erent centers 12, 18 and 14-.

It will be obvious that "the exact form of the roll passes willnecessarily vary with the particular section ot the bar being rolled inany particular case; but that in order to obtain the benefits of myinvention the passes are in all cases provided with supplementaryprojections and recesses, the effect of which upon the blank is to causedisplace ments thereof of the general character above described.

By means of my invention the elastic limit, as well as the ultimatetensile strength of the metal is very greatly increased, there byenabling the use of a materially smaller l section of bar for a giventensile strength.

l l hat I claim is:-

1. The method of roll forging metal shapes, which consists in passingblank through a pair of rolls having their passes provided withdeforming projections and cavities which eii'ect successive rotaryopposite displacements of the metal; substantially as described.

2. The method of roll forging metal shapes, which consists in subjectingthe blank to a rapid succession of displacing act-ions alternatelyexerted in opp site directions, and each tending to rotate the metalabout a longitudinal axis thereof; substantially described.

3. The method. of roll forging metal shapes, which consists insubjecting adjacent relatively short sections of the blank i to oppositerotary displacements of a charltCtt to rotate the metal of such adjacentsections in opposite directions about a longitudinal axis of the blank;substantially as described.

et. The method of rollforging metal shapes, which consists in passingthe blank through a roll pass which eliects successive opposite rotarydisplacements of relatively short adjacent sections of the blank;substantially as described.

5. The method of roll -i orging metal shapes. which consists in passingthe blank thro'. h a roll pass which eiiects successive opposite rotarydisplacements of relatively short adjacent sections of the blank, andsimultaneously reducing the cross sectional area of the blank;substantially as described.

5. The method of rolltorging netal shapes, which consists in passing ablank through a pair of rolls having their passes provided withdeforming projections and cavities which effect successive rotaryopposite displacements of the metal about at least one longitudinal axisof the blank; substantially as described.

The method of roll-forging es. which consists in passing a blank througha pair of rolls having their passes provided with deforming projectionsand cavities which etlect successive rotary opposite displacements ofthe metal about a plurality of different longitudinal axes of the blank;substantially as described.

8. The method of roll-forging metal l apes, which consists in passingthe blank through a roll pass which effects successive opposite rotarydisplacements of relatively short sections of the blank; substantiallyas described.

9. The herein described method of rollforging metal shapes to increasethe elastic limit of the metal, which consists in subjecting a blank toa rapid succession of roll actions which rotate successive units orsections of the metal bodily in opposite directions about a longitudinalaxis of the blank. whereby an elongated shape is produced composed ofrelatively short sections each of which is bodily twisted about its axisin an opposite direction to the adjacent sections; substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

metal DAVID lilAXl VELL.

ll itnesses E. K. \Voonwnnn, lVAIrruR S. WHEELER.

